Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon, EPIRB, is a device that alerts search and rescue services in the event of a maritime emergency. EPIRB transmits the distress signal directly to satellites, and this signal consists of an encrypted identification number containing information such as the ship's identity, the date of the event, the nature of the distress, emergency contact persons, and location. When activated, it begins broadcasting its location to satellites via signals at 121.5 or 406 MHz. The signal received by the satellite is relayed to ground stations and then to ships and aircraft. EPIRB can accurately report its location by sending signals for 48 hours.
EPIRB has a waterproof construction. It is produced in easily visible colors such as orange and yellow for easy detection. In emergencies, the user can manually activate it, or it can self-activate when it falls into the water.
EPIRB Installation
EPIRB should be placed on the vessel in a way that is easily accessible and visible in an emergency. It can also be stored in an emergency bag along with flares, torches or flash lights, and other safety equipment. Storing it in an emergency bag helps prevent damage that may result from harsh conditions and provides a dry environment for the equipment.
On SOLAS-covered vessels (all cargo vessels of 300 GRT and above and passenger vessels), the EPIRB device is required to operate automatically. If the vessel has a life raft, it is recommended to have an additional EPIRB. The equipment contained within the life raft should be a manually activated model to prevent accidental activation in case of wetting.
How Does EPIRB Work?
EPIRB is contained within a plastic housing where the sea switch is disabled. The plastic housing contains a spring-loaded system that automatically pushes the housing cover and releases the device if the vessel sinks. This operation is controlled by a device called HRU (Hydrostatic Release Unit), which will automatically release the EPIRB when it reaches approximately 4-5 m depth. When the EPIRB is released, it rises to the water surface and begins broadcasting.
EPIRB Types and Sea Areas
- COSPAS-SARSAT: The system operating in 406.025 MHz and 121.5 MHz bands is valid for all sea areas.
- INMARSAT E: Operates in the 1.6 GHz band. These are valid for A1, A2, and A3 sea areas.
- VHF CH 70: Operates in the 156.525 MHz band. Valid only for A1 sea area.
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